瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組主開關(guān)常見故障及解決辦法淺析

　　A Brief Analysis of Common Malfunctions and Solutions of the Main Switch in Gas Generator Sets

　　瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組主開關(guān)在電力系統(tǒng)的發(fā)電過程中是一個(gè)及其重要的部件。瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組與主匯流排接通與斷開的協(xié)調(diào)工作就由山主開關(guān)來完成的。它既作發(fā)機(jī)主電路通斷用，又作瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組的繼電保護(hù)裝置用，道常在電站主配板中，瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組主開關(guān)是采用框架式萬能空氣斷路器，其他配電開關(guān)大多采用塑殼式。

　　The main switch of the gas generator set is an extremely important component in the power generation process of the power system. The coordination work of connecting and disconnecting the gas generator set and the main busbar is completed by the mountain main switch. It is used for both the on/off of the main circuit of the generator and the relay protection device of the gas generator set. It is commonly found in the main distribution board of the power station. The main switch of the gas generator set adopts a frame type universal air circuit breaker, while most other distribution switches adopt a plastic shell type.

　　主開關(guān)出現(xiàn)故障，就會(huì)造成局部或全網(wǎng)的斷電。因此如何及時(shí)、快速、準(zhǔn)確地處理主開關(guān)的故障就顯得極為重要。本文在對一些使用瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組組的廠礦企業(yè)的瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組主開關(guān)的故障進(jìn)行了分析，并按照相關(guān)的分類和故障現(xiàn)象總結(jié)出了故障處理辦法。

　　If the main switch malfunctions, it will cause partial or complete power outages in the network. Therefore, it is extremely important to promptly, quickly, and accurately handle faults in the main switch. This article analyzes the faults of the main switch of gas generator sets in some factories and mining enterprises that use gas generator sets, and summarizes the fault handling methods according to relevant classifications and fault phenomena.

　　1瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組主開關(guān)常見故障及處理

　　Common faults and solutions of the main switch of a gas generator set

　　配電板上的主開關(guān)正常狀態(tài)下主開關(guān)在正常狀態(tài)作為接通或斷開主電路的開關(guān)電器，在非正常狀態(tài)，它又用作對主電路進(jìn)行過載、短路和欠壓保護(hù)電器。

　　The main switch on the distribution board is used as a switching device to connect or disconnect the main circuit in the normal state. In the abnormal state, it is also used as an overload, short circuit, and undervoltage protection device for the main circuit.

　　2瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組保護(hù)動(dòng)作使主開關(guān)跳閘的判別

　　2. Discrimination of main switch tripping caused by protective action of gas generator set

　　2.1瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組過載保護(hù)的判別

　　2.1 Discrimination of Overload Protection for Gas Generator Sets

　　一般是發(fā)生在瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組單機(jī)運(yùn)行在較大負(fù)荷下，在不察看瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組實(shí)際功率時(shí)啟動(dòng)大負(fù)荷運(yùn)行,如啟動(dòng)空壓機(jī)、壓載泵等致瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組過載而跳閘;也可能發(fā)生在并聯(lián)運(yùn)行時(shí)，其中一臺(tái)機(jī)組因機(jī)電故障保護(hù)立即跳閘,而分級卸載裝置失靈或卸載后仍過載致運(yùn)行機(jī)組出現(xiàn)過載而發(fā)生保護(hù)跳閘等場合。

　　Generally, it occurs when a gas generator unit operates under high loads and starts operating at high loads without checking the actual power of the gas generator unit, such as starting an air compressor, ballast pump, etc., causing the gas generator unit to overload and trip; It may also occur during parallel operation, where one unit trips immediately due to mechanical and electrical fault protection, and the graded unloading device fails or the operating unit is still overloaded after unloading, resulting in protection tripping.

　　2.2瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組欠壓保護(hù)的判別

　　2.2 Discrimination of Under Voltage Protection for Gas Generator Sets

　　瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組欠壓保護(hù)跳閘主要發(fā)生在調(diào)速器及燃油系統(tǒng)或調(diào)壓器出現(xiàn)故障的場合。調(diào)速器及燃油系統(tǒng)故障導(dǎo)致欠壓保護(hù)的判斷依據(jù)是先出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)速下降(這可從發(fā)電機(jī)聲音聽到)后發(fā)生跳閘，調(diào)壓器故障導(dǎo)致的欠壓保護(hù)可光出現(xiàn)電壓下降(這從照明燈的亮度變化看出)后發(fā)生跳閘。

　　The undervoltage protection tripping of gas generator sets mainly occurs in situations where the governor, fuel system, or regulator fails. The judgment basis for undervoltage protection caused by faults in the governor and fuel system is that the speed drops first (as can be heard from the sound of the generator) and then trips, while undervoltage protection caused by faults in the regulator can cause voltage drops (as can be seen from changes in the brightness of the lighting) and then trips.

　　2.3瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組逆功率保護(hù)的判別

　　2.3 Discrimination of Reverse Power Protection for Gas Generator Sets

　　瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組逆功率保護(hù)跳閘主要發(fā)生在并車操作合閘時(shí)刻掌握不當(dāng)，導(dǎo)致待并機(jī)組主開關(guān)合上后跳閘,或并聯(lián)運(yùn)行時(shí)負(fù)荷分配操作調(diào)節(jié)方向調(diào)反，或并聯(lián)時(shí)其中一臺(tái)調(diào)速器損壞或燃汕中斷等場合會(huì)發(fā)生逆功率保護(hù)跳閘。

　　The reverse power protection tripping of gas generator sets mainly occurs when the timing of closing the parallel operation is not properly controlled, resulting in tripping after the main switch of the parallel unit is closed, or when the load distribution operation adjustment direction is reversed during parallel operation, or when one of the speed controllers is damaged or the fuel is interrupted during parallel operation.

　　2.4瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組外部短路故障的判別

　　2.4 Identification of External Short Circuit Faults in Gas Generator Sets

　　這里指的是按規(guī)范要求的對瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組外部短路保護(hù)，即瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組電流大于等于2IN 時(shí)主開關(guān)跳閘這一故障的判別。

　　This refers to the identification of the fault of the main switch tripping when the current of the gas generator set is greater than or equal to 2IN, which is required by the specifications for external short-circuit protection of the gas generator set.

　　(1)對于具有自動(dòng)電站管理系統(tǒng)的電站。

　　(1) For power plants with automatic power plant management systems.

　　當(dāng)發(fā)生瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組主開關(guān)跳閘主電網(wǎng)失電除報(bào)警外機(jī)艙沒有任何其他反應(yīng)日報(bào)警指示的是短路故障時(shí)，說明這時(shí)發(fā)生了瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組外部短路故障。

　　When the main switch of the gas generator unit trips and the main power grid loses power, except for the alarm, there is no other reaction in the engine room. If the alarm indicates a short circuit fault, it indicates that an external short circuit fault has occurred in the gas generator unit.

　　(2)對于常規(guī)電站。

　　(2) For conventional power plants.

　　當(dāng)發(fā)生瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組主開關(guān)跳閘,這一跳閘不是發(fā)生在同時(shí)啟動(dòng)幾臺(tái)大負(fù)荷時(shí),也不是出現(xiàn)在利用船上起貨機(jī)進(jìn)行裝卸貨作業(yè)時(shí);不是先出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)速下降后發(fā)生主開關(guān)跳閘，也不是先發(fā)生電壓下降后再跳閘(從照明燈的亮度可得到判別)。這時(shí)一般可斷定發(fā)生了瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組外部短路故障，但也不排除有關(guān)人員的操作失誤如并車作不當(dāng)使瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組電流達(dá)短路保護(hù)整定值，或也有可能足山于主開關(guān)木身故障引起跳間。

　　When the main switch of the gas generator unit trips, this trip does not occur when several large loads are started simultaneously, nor does it occur when loading and unloading operations are carried out using the ship's cargo crane; It's not that the main switch trips after the speed drops first, nor is it that the voltage drops first and then trips again (as can be determined by the brightness of the lighting). At this point, it can generally be concluded that an external short circuit fault has occurred in the gas generator set. However, it cannot be ruled out that operational errors by relevant personnel, such as improper parallel operation, may cause the current of the gas generator set to reach the short-circuit protection setting value, or it may also be due to a fault in the main switch body causing a jump.

　　3 主開關(guān)跳閘的應(yīng)急處理

　　Emergency handling of 3 main switches tripping

　　3.1可能引起跳閘的原因

　　3.1 Possible causes of tripping

　　(1)負(fù)荷太大或電網(wǎng)發(fā)生短路，引起過載或短路保護(hù)動(dòng)作而跳閘。

　　(1) Excessive load or short circuit in the power grid can cause overload or short circuit protection to trip.

　　(2)瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組主開關(guān)誤動(dòng)作而跳間，即不屬于主開關(guān)保護(hù)功能正常動(dòng)作的跳間如由于劇烈振動(dòng)，使失正脫扣線圈失電而跳問等

　　(2) The main switch of the gas generator set trips due to misoperation, which does not belong to the normal operation of the main switch protection function. For example, due to severe vibration, the trip coil loses power and trips

　　(3)調(diào)整器失靈,使原動(dòng)機(jī)的油門不能隨負(fù)荷大小而做相應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié),轉(zhuǎn)速過高或 過低，使超速或低速保護(hù)裝置或欠壓保護(hù)動(dòng)作而跳閘。

　　(3) The regulator fails, causing the throttle of the prime mover to not adjust according to the load, and the speed is too high or too low, causing the overspeed or low-speed protection device or undervoltage protection to trip.

　　燃汕系統(tǒng)滲水或燃汕管系堵塞，關(guān)錯(cuò)燃汕，使燃汕中斷等，使原動(dòng)機(jī)停

　　Water seepage in the combustion system or blockage of the combustion pipeline, incorrect shutdown of the combustion system, interruption of the combustion system, etc., causing the prime mover to stop

　　裝卸貨時(shí)跳閘，多因數(shù)臺(tái)起貨機(jī)同時(shí)起動(dòng)，過載而跳閘。

　　Tripping during loading and unloading, multiple factor platform crane started simultaneously, and tripped due to overload.

　　并車引起跳閘，應(yīng)立即使任一臺(tái)瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組合閘，再重新車。

　　If the trip is caused by merging, any gas generator combination should be immediately tripped before restarting.

　　3.2 采取的措施

　　3.2 Measures taken

　　遇到跳閘事故，主管人員應(yīng)迅速奔赴現(xiàn)場，一方面立即起動(dòng)備用機(jī)紐，另(1)一方面同時(shí)觀察配電板上電壓表及頻率表,如二表指示正帶,可關(guān)掉一些次要負(fù)載或起貨機(jī)，市新合閘，仔細(xì)觀察各指示儀表的變化，一切穩(wěn)定正常，可繼續(xù)送電使用;如果電壓表、頻率表無指示，表明瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組組或調(diào)壓系統(tǒng)有問題，需進(jìn)一步檢查，待備用機(jī)組起動(dòng)成功后，合閘送電，再進(jìn)一步檢查故障機(jī)組。

　　In the event of a tripping accident, the supervisor should quickly rush to the scene. On the one hand, they should immediately start the standby power button. On the other hand, they should observe the voltage and frequency meters on the distribution board at the same time. If the two meters indicate positive, they can turn off some secondary loads or cargo cranes, close the circuit breaker, and carefully observe the changes in each indicator instrument. Everything is stable and normal, and power can continue to be supplied for use; If there is no indication on the voltmeter and frequency meter, it indicates that there is a problem with the gas generator set or voltage regulation system, and further inspection is required. After the standby unit is successfully started, the power is switched on and the faulty unit is further inspected.

　　如備用機(jī)組起動(dòng)建立電壓后，合不上閘，說明負(fù)載有短路可能，應(yīng)先關(guān)掉(2)所冇負(fù)載，再逐一送電，可把知路負(fù)載篩選出來，再進(jìn)行檢修。

　　If the standby unit fails to close the circuit breaker after establishing voltage during start-up, it indicates that there may be a short circuit in the load. The (2) loads should be turned off first, and then power should be supplied one by one. The circuit load can be screened out before maintenance.

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