柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組作為應(yīng)急備用電源，源于它的可靠性，及時(shí)性和安全性，越來越被廣大客戶所接受和使用。但是，采購一臺合適的柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組并不是一件輕松容易的事。今天湖南發(fā)電機(jī)組廠家示旺公司和大家聊聊有關(guān)采購湖南柴油發(fā)電機(jī)時(shí)要注意的問題和細(xì)節(jié)。接下來，示旺公司給您剖析一下。一定要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
As an emergency standby power supply, diesel generator set is more and more accepted and used by customers due to its reliability, timeliness and safety. However, it is not easy to purchase a suitable diesel generator set. Today, Hunan generator set manufacturer Shiwang Company talked with you about the problems and details that should be paid attention to when purchasing Hunan diesel generators. Next, Shiwang Company will analyze it for you. Pay attention to the following points:
一、用戶在購買時(shí)應(yīng)留意的八大陷阱
1、 Eight traps users should pay attention to when purchasing
1、混淆KVA和KW的關(guān)系。把KVA當(dāng)成KW夸大功率，賣給客戶。實(shí)際上KVA是視在功率，KW是有效功率，他們之間的關(guān)系為IKVA=0.8KW。進(jìn)口機(jī)組一般用KVA表示功率單位，而國內(nèi)用電設(shè)備一般都用KW表示，所以核算功率時(shí)應(yīng)把KVA打8折換算成KW。
1. Confuse the relationship between KVA and KW. Exaggerate the power of KVA as KW and sell it to customers. In fact, KVA is the apparent power and KW is the effective power. The relationship between them is IKVA=0.8KW. The power unit of imported units is generally expressed in KVA, while that of domestic electric equipment is generally expressed in KW, so KVA should be converted into KW at a discount of 20% when calculating power.
2、不講長行(額定)功率和后備功率的關(guān)系，僅說一個(gè)“功率”，把后備功率當(dāng)作長行功率賣給客戶。實(shí)際上，后備功率=1.1x長行功率。而且，后備功率只能在12小時(shí)連續(xù)運(yùn)行中使用1小時(shí)。
2. We don't talk about the relationship between long-term (rated) power and backup power, but only about "power". We sell the backup power to customers as long-term power. In fact, the backup power=1.1 x long travel power. Moreover, the backup power can only be used for 1 hour in 12 hour continuous operation.
3、柴油機(jī)功率與發(fā)電機(jī)的功率配置成一樣大，以求降低成本。實(shí)際上，業(yè)內(nèi)一般規(guī)定柴油機(jī)功率≥發(fā)電機(jī)功率10%，因?yàn)橛袡C(jī)械損耗。更為惡劣的，還有的把柴油機(jī)馬力當(dāng)作千瓦誤報(bào)給用戶，及用小于發(fā)電機(jī)功率的柴油機(jī)來配置機(jī)組，俗稱：小馬拉大車，以至機(jī)組壽命降低，維修頻繁，使用費(fèi)居高不下。
3. The power of the diesel engine is as large as that of the generator to reduce the cost. In fact, it is generally stipulated in the industry that the power of diesel engine is equal to or greater than 10% of the power of generator because of mechanical losses. Even worse, some people mistakenly report the horsepower of the diesel engine to users as kilowatts, and use diesel engines with less power than the generator to configure the unit, commonly known as "small horses pull big cars", so that the unit life is reduced, maintenance is frequent, and the use fee is high.
4、把二手機(jī)翻新機(jī)當(dāng)作全新機(jī)賣給客戶，還有的將翻新的柴油機(jī)配上全新的發(fā)電機(jī)及控制柜，使一般非專業(yè)用戶根本分不清究竟是新機(jī)還是舊機(jī)。
4. The second mobile phone refurbished machine is sold to customers as a brand new machine, and the refurbished diesel engine is equipped with a brand new generator and control cabinet, so that ordinary non professional users can not tell whether it is a new machine or an old one.
5、只報(bào)柴油機(jī)或發(fā)電機(jī)，不報(bào)產(chǎn)地，不報(bào)機(jī)組。如美國康明斯、瑞典volvo、英國史坦福。實(shí)際上任何一臺柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組均不可能由一家企業(yè)獨(dú)立完成?？蛻魬?yīng)全面了解機(jī)組的柴油機(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)、控制柜制造廠家及，才能綜合評估出機(jī)組的檔次。
5. Only the brand of diesel engine or generator shall be reported, not the place of origin or the brand of unit. For example, Cummins in the United States, Volvo in Sweden and Stamford in the United Kingdom. In fact, any diesel generator set cannot be completed independently by one enterprise. The customer should fully understand the manufacturer and brand of diesel engine, generator and control cabinet of the unit, so as to comprehensively evaluate the grade of the unit.
6、將不帶保護(hù)功能(俗稱四保護(hù))的機(jī)組當(dāng)成保護(hù)功能齊全的機(jī)組賣給客戶。更有甚者，將儀表不全、不帶空氣開關(guān)的機(jī)組推銷給客戶。實(shí)際上，業(yè)內(nèi)一般規(guī)定10KW以上的機(jī)組必須帶全儀表(俗稱五表)及空氣開關(guān);大型機(jī)組及自動(dòng)化機(jī)組必須帶有自四保護(hù)功能。
6. The unit without protection function (commonly known as four protections) is sold to customers as a unit with complete protection functions. What's more, they sold the units with incomplete instruments and without air switches to customers. In fact, it is generally stipulated in the industry that units above 10KW must be equipped with full instruments (commonly known as five meters) and air switches; Large units and automatic units must have self four protection functions.
7、不談柴油機(jī)及發(fā)電機(jī)的檔次、控制系統(tǒng)配置，不談售后服務(wù)，一味只談價(jià)格及交貨期。有的還將非電站專用油機(jī)，如：船用柴油機(jī)，車用柴油機(jī)用于發(fā)電機(jī)組。使機(jī)組的終端產(chǎn)品—-電的質(zhì)量(電壓與頻率)無法得以保證。太低價(jià)格的機(jī)組一般有問題，俗稱：只有買錯(cuò)沒有賣錯(cuò)!
7. We don't talk about the brand level of diesel engine and generator, control system configuration, after-sales service, but only about the price and delivery date. Some also use non power station specific oil engines, such as marine diesel engines and vehicle diesel engines for generator sets. The quality (voltage and frequency) of electricity, the terminal product of the unit, cannot be guaranteed. The unit with too low price generally has a problem, commonly known as: only buy wrong, not sell wrong!
8、不談隨機(jī)配件情況，如帶不帶消音器、油箱、輸油管，帶什么檔次電瓶、多大容量電瓶、幾個(gè)電瓶等等。實(shí)際上，這些附件十分重要，必須在合同中寫明。更有甚者連水箱風(fēng)扇都不帶，讓客戶自搞開式水池。
8. We don't talk about the accompanying accessories, such as with or without muffler, oil tank, oil pipe, what grade of battery, what capacity of battery, several batteries, etc. In fact, these annexes are very important and must be specified in the contract. What's more, they don't even have a fan for the water tank, so customers can open the water tank by themselves.
二、機(jī)組購置
2、 Unit purchase
在選購柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組時(shí)應(yīng)充分考慮柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組的綜合性能和經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)，供應(yīng)商的敬業(yè)精神、地理位置和實(shí)際專業(yè)程度，供應(yīng)商是否具備售后服務(wù)手段，如搶修、專用工具技術(shù)等。然后再考慮所選機(jī)組功率與用電負(fù)荷功率是否匹配。一般以：機(jī)組額定功率x0.8=用電設(shè)備功率來選定機(jī)組功率為好。若有大中型電動(dòng)機(jī)則還需考慮2-5倍的起動(dòng)電流。若機(jī)組主要用于對UPS充電，則必須根據(jù)UPS的實(shí)際情況作一次專業(yè)咨詢，然后再決定發(fā)電機(jī)額定功率。
When selecting and purchasing diesel generator sets, full consideration shall be given to the comprehensive performance and economic indicators of the diesel generator sets, the professionalism, geographical location and actual professional level of the suppliers, and whether the suppliers have after-sales service means, such as emergency repair, special tool technology, etc. Then consider whether the power of the selected unit matches the power of the electrical load. Generally, it is better to select unit power based on rated power of unit x0.8=power of electric equipment. If there are large and medium-sized motors, 2-5 times of starting current shall also be considered. If the unit is mainly used to charge UPS, a professional consultation must be made according to the actual situation of UPS, and then the rated power of the generator must be determined.
三、機(jī)組安裝
3、 Unit installation
柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組使用前，應(yīng)進(jìn)行安裝與連接。柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組安裝時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下事項(xiàng)：
The diesel generator set shall be installed and connected before use. When installing the diesel generator set, pay attention to the following matters:
1、 安裝地點(diǎn)需通風(fēng)良好，發(fā)電機(jī)端應(yīng)有足夠的進(jìn)風(fēng)口，柴油機(jī)端應(yīng)有良好的出風(fēng)口。出風(fēng)口面積應(yīng)大于水箱面積1.5倍以上。
1. The installation site shall be well ventilated, the generator end shall have sufficient air inlet, and the diesel engine end shall have good air outlet. The air outlet area shall be more than 1.5 times of the water tank area.
2、 安裝地的周圍應(yīng)保持清潔，避免在附近放置能產(chǎn)生酸性、堿性等腐蝕性氣體和蒸汽的物品。有條件的應(yīng)配置滅火裝置。
2. The surroundings of the installation site shall be kept clean, and articles that can produce corrosive gases and steam such as acid and alkali shall not be placed nearby. Fire extinguishing devices shall be provided if conditions permit.
3、 若在室內(nèi)使用，必須將排煙管道通到室外，管徑必須≥消音器的出煙管直徑，所接之管路的彎頭不宜超過3個(gè)，以保證排煙暢通，并應(yīng)將管子向下傾斜5--10度,避免雨水注入;若排氣管是垂直向上安裝的，則必須加裝防雨罩。
3. If it is used indoors, the smoke exhaust pipe must be connected to the outside. The pipe diameter must be equal to or greater than the diameter of the muffler's smoke outlet pipe. There should be no more than 3 elbows of the connected pipe to ensure smooth smoke exhaust. The pipe should be inclined downward by 5 to 10 degrees to avoid rainwater injection; If the exhaust pipe is installed vertically upward, a rain cover must be installed.

4、 基礎(chǔ)采用混凝土?xí)r,在安裝時(shí)須用水平尺測其水平度,使機(jī)組固定于水平的基礎(chǔ)上。機(jī)組與基礎(chǔ)之間應(yīng)有專用防震墊或用底腳螺栓。
4. When the foundation is made of concrete, the levelness must be measured with a level ruler during installation to fix the unit on a horizontal foundation. There shall be special shockproof pads or anchor bolts between the unit and the foundation.
5、 機(jī)組外殼必須有可靠的保護(hù)接地，對需要有中性點(diǎn)直接接地的發(fā)電機(jī)，則必須由專業(yè)人員進(jìn)行中性點(diǎn)接地，并配備防雷裝置，嚴(yán)禁利用市電的接地裝置進(jìn)行中性點(diǎn)直接接地。
5. The unit shell must have reliable protective grounding. For generators that need to have a neutral point directly grounded, the neutral point must be grounded by professionals and equipped with lightning protection devices. It is strictly prohibited to use the grounding device of mains power to directly ground the neutral point.
6、 發(fā)電機(jī)與市電的雙向開關(guān)必須十分可靠，以防倒送電。雙向開關(guān)的接線可靠性需經(jīng)過當(dāng)?shù)毓╇姴块T的檢驗(yàn)認(rèn)可。
6. The two-way switch between the generator and the mains must be very reliable to prevent reverse power transmission. The wiring reliability of two-way switch shall be inspected and approved by local power supply department.
7、 起動(dòng)電瓶的接線必須牢固。
7. The connection of starting battery must be firm.
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